1 in 5 Mothers Report Mistreatment in Maternity Care_我的网站
A | 当前，一场围绕“词元经济”的地方竞速悄然拉开帷幕。
One-fifth of U.S. mothers say they have experienced mistreatment by their health care provider during their pregnancy and delivery care and 29% say they have faced discrimination, according to new research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with higher rates of such incidents reported among women of color.
Approximately 20% of more than 2,400 women surveyed in a CDC Vital Signs report released Tuesday said they experienced some form of physical neglect or verbal abuse during their maternal care. The report’s findings were based on a survey conducted from April 24 through April 30 by public relations firm Porter Novelli.
Higher rates of mistreatment were reported by mothers who identify with a racial and ethnic minority group, including 30% of Black women, 29% of Hispanic women and 27% of multiracial women during their pregnancy care, compared to 19% of white women and 15% of Asian mothers.
Nearly 30% of women who were uninsured and 26% of those covered by Medicaid reported mistreatment during their maternity care compared to 16% of women with private insurance, according to the analysis.
The most common forms of mistreatment reported by survey respondents included receiving no response to requests for help, being shouted at or scolded, having a lack of physical privacy, and being threatened with the withholding of treatment or being coerced into accepting unwanted treatment.
“This report provides evidence that many women are having experiences that are truly unacceptable,” said Dr. Wanda Barfield, director of the CDC’s Division of Reproductive Health in a call with reporters held Tuesday.
In addition, 29% of women surveyed said they experienced at least one form of discrimination during their pregnancy care, with 40% of Black women, 39% of multiracial women, and 37% of Hispanic women reporting such incidents, compared to 26% of white women and 23% of Asian women. The most common reasons for discrimination reported included issues concerning age, weight and income.
“We know mistreatment and discrimination can have a negative impact on the quality of maternity care,” said CDC Chief Medical Office Dr. Debra Houry during a call with reporters.
Houry told the story of Dr. Shalon Irving, an officer within the CDC’s Epidemic Intelligence Service who died in 2017 as a result of high blood pressure three weeks after giving birth.
“As a health care community, we have to do better in providing unbiased and respectful maternity care equally to all mothers,” Houry said.
The report’s findings come at the same time as rising rates of death associated with giving birth in the U.S. The maternal mortality rate increased 89% from 17.4 deaths per 100,000 live birth in 2018 to 32.9 per 100,000 in 2021, according to a March CDC report, with the total number of annual deaths nearly doubling from 658 to 1,205 during that period. And women of color are even worse off than the general population.The maternal mortality rate among Black women increased from 37.3 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2018 to 69.9 per 100,000 in 2021, while the rate among Hispanic women increased by more than two-fold during that same period to 28 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2021, surpassing the rate among white women for the first time.
Houry said health care providers can do more to improve maternity care quality by promoting greater cultural competency and diversity within their clinical workforce, as well as focusing on developing practices that result in all maternity patients receiving an equitable standard of care.
“We know that most pregnancy-related deaths are preventable – more than 80%,” Houry said. “Respectful maternity care can be defined as preventing harm and mistreatment, communicating effectively, and providing equitable and unbiased care.”
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B | 据记者不完全统计，近期，广东、北京、四川、海南、江苏、湖北、贵州等地纷纷布局词元经济，有的出台政策做好产业指引，有的创新Token（词元）券等政策工具，不少地方还因地制宜探索适合本土的词元经济发展路径。 近期，广东发布《广东省释放数据要素价值 促进词元经济高质量发展若干措施》，提出到2027年底，数据赋能词元经济发展工作体系初步构建，全省一盘棋统筹、差异化布局、一体化协同的词元经济发展格局基本形成。此外，北京、四川、海南等地在出台的相关政策文件中，对推动词元经济发展作出了明确布局。
C | 在各地的工具箱中，以“真金白银”的Token券给予补贴是重要抓手。例如，四川择优给予企业词元实际使用额最高20%、最高100万元的补贴支持；江苏扬州单个申报主体年度最高支持额度可达50万元；武汉江岸区计划每年发放1000万元Token券，支持企业调用头部大模型。据介绍，Token券主要面向AI市场主体，用于补贴模型、智能体的开发、部署和应用等活动。 对此，南京邮电大学教授、浙江大学双聘教授王春晖表示，Token券可降低中小企业尝试人工智能的沉没成本，帮助企业找到自身的效率提升点。但他同时提醒，地方在发放该补贴时，应引导企业优化业务流程，防止出现词元滥用和浪费现象。 此外，记者注意到，立足自身资源禀赋，各地政策的着力点各有侧重。 北京亦庄侧重打造“词元工厂”、发力全产业链建设。作为北京首座词元工厂北京壹号词元工厂的所在地，北京亦庄统筹能源、芯片、数据集和大数据，推动项目一期日产能突破1.4万亿词元。
D | 依托北京较为密集的AI创新生态和丰富的AI应用场景，北京亦庄计划到2030年，“高标准建成4个万卡级词元工厂”“畅通词元产业全链条要素循环”。
E | 与北京拼生态不同，贵阳贵安重点布局智算能力。作为“东数西算”国家枢纽节点承载地，贵阳贵安智算能力位居全国前列；同时，由于气候优势，贵州绿电资源丰富，算力综合成本低。贵阳贵安有关词元经济的征求意见稿提出，要“强化智算服务能力”，计划于2028年，智算规模突破240EFLOPS。 广东则依托沿海优势，瞄准了跨境赛道。
F | 当前，省内多地正加快布局“词元经济”：汕头已于今年4月打通词元出海全链路；韶关也在今年1月获批国家“来数加工”试点，并依托自身作为广东“北大门”的区位优势，积极探索发展“港数韶算”“澳数韶算”模式。依托本地优势，广东词元经济专项政策明确，到2027年底，广东将成为全国词元供给高地、智能应用标杆和词元出海枢纽。 在各地积极布局的同时，词元经济也在重构产业链的价值分配逻辑。
G | 王春晖分析称，上游算力竞争已从拼规模转向拼能效；中游服务层的价值重心则由词元分发转向效率优化，提示词工程、业务流程重构、垂直模型微调等词元工程化服务，正成为争夺产业链定价权的关键。 专家表示，在各地竞相布局词元经济的背景下，未来的竞争格局将呈现显著的分化与协同。
H | 掌握底层核心技术和高质量数据的地区有望占据产业链顶端，而拥有丰富应用场景的地区将成为词元价值转化的主阵地。不过，评判词元经济的实际价值，不能简单看词元调用规模，而要重点关注词元消耗是否带来了显著的效能跃升。 中央财经大学数字经济融合创新发展中心主任陈端指出，目前词元标准与计量体系尚不统一。词元从生产到应用涉及分词、计量、调用、计价多个环节，跨省、跨平台的互认互通仍是难题。 王春晖表示，现行体系将词元消耗单纯记为费用，难以直观体现技术带来的效率提升，进而影响对词元经济真实贡献的准确评估。因此，亟须在微观层面建立“词元投入-业务产出”的核算体系，探索将技术带来的效率提升纳入企业资产核算。
I | 建设高效的词元经济，重点是推动产业从“要素投入驱动”转向“效率提升驱动”。（记者 郭倩 实习记者 赵月）。
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